# Modular Programming

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## 1. Introduction

- A. What is Object-Oriented Programming?
- B. Why use OOP? (vs. procedural)
- C. Real-world analogies (e.g., modeling components like pumps, motors, or vehicles)

## 2. Core OOP Concepts
- A. **Classes and Objects**
    - Definitions
    - Syntax in Python
- B. **Attributes and Methods**
    - Instance variables
    - Functions inside classes
- C. **Encapsulation**
    - Public vs private variables
    - Using `__init__` and `self`
- D. **Inheritance**
    - Parent and child classes
    - Reuse and extension of code
- E. **Polymorphism** _(brief overview)_
    - Method overriding
    - Flexibility in interfaces

## 3. Python OOP Syntax and Examples
- A. Define a simple class (e.g., `Spring`)
- B. Instantiate objects and use methods
- C. Show `__init__`, `__str__`, custom methods
- D. Add a derived class (e.g., `DampedSpring` inherits from `Spring`)

## 4. Engineering Applications of OOP
- A. Modeling a mechanical system using classes
    - Example: Mass-Spring-Damper system
- B. Creating reusable components (e.g., `Material`, `Beam`, `Force`)
- C. Organizing simulation code with OOP

## 5. Hands-On Coding Activity
- A. Write a class for a basic physical component (e.g., `Motor`)
- B. Add behavior (e.g., `calculate_torque`)
- C. Extend with inheritance (e.g., `ServoMotor`)
- D. Bonus: Integrate two objects to simulate interaction