\documentclass[11pt]{article}

    \usepackage[breakable]{tcolorbox}
    \usepackage{parskip} % Stop auto-indenting (to mimic markdown behaviour)
    \author{Christian Kolset}

    % Basic figure setup, for now with no caption control since it's done
    % automatically by Pandoc (which extracts ![](path) syntax from Markdown).
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    % Keep aspect ratio if custom image width or height is specified
    \setkeys{Gin}{keepaspectratio}
    % Maintain compatibility with old templates. Remove in nbconvert 6.0
    \let\Oldincludegraphics\includegraphics
    % Ensure that by default, figures have no caption (until we provide a
    % proper Figure object with a Caption API and a way to capture that
    % in the conversion process - todo).
    \usepackage{caption}
    \DeclareCaptionFormat{nocaption}{}
    \captionsetup{format=nocaption,aboveskip=0pt,belowskip=0pt}

    \usepackage{float}
    \floatplacement{figure}{H} % forces figures to be placed at the correct location
    \usepackage{xcolor} % Allow colors to be defined
    \usepackage{enumerate} % Needed for markdown enumerations to work
    \usepackage{geometry} % Used to adjust the document margins
    \usepackage{amsmath} % Equations
    \usepackage{amssymb} % Equations
    \usepackage{textcomp} % defines textquotesingle

    % Hack from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/47451/13684:
    \AtBeginDocument{%
        \def\PYZsq{\textquotesingle}% Upright quotes in Pygmentized code
    }
    \usepackage{upquote} % Upright quotes for verbatim code
    \usepackage{eurosym} % defines \euro

    \usepackage{iftex}
    \ifPDFTeX
        \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
        \IfFileExists{alphabeta.sty}{
              \usepackage{alphabeta}
          }{
              \usepackage[mathletters]{ucs}
              \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
          }
    \else
        \usepackage{fontspec}
        \usepackage{unicode-math}
    \fi

    \usepackage{fancyvrb} % verbatim replacement that allows latex
    \usepackage{grffile} % extends the file name processing of package graphics
                         % to support a larger range
    \makeatletter % fix for old versions of grffile with XeLaTeX
    \@ifpackagelater{grffile}{2019/11/01}
    {
      % Do nothing on new versions
    }
    {
      \def\Gread@@xetex#1{%
        \IfFileExists{"\Gin@base".bb}%
        {\Gread@eps{\Gin@base.bb}}%
        {\Gread@@xetex@aux#1}%
      }
    }
    \makeatother
    \usepackage[Export]{adjustbox} % Used to constrain images to a maximum size
    \adjustboxset{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}

    % The hyperref package gives us a pdf with properly built
    % internal navigation ('pdf bookmarks' for the table of contents,
    % internal cross-reference links, web links for URLs, etc.)
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    % The default LaTeX title has an obnoxious amount of whitespace. By default,
    % titling removes some of it. It also provides customization options.
    \usepackage{titling}
    \usepackage{longtable} % longtable support required by pandoc >1.10
    \usepackage{booktabs}  % table support for pandoc > 1.12.2
    \usepackage{array}     % table support for pandoc >= 2.11.3
    \usepackage{calc}      % table minipage width calculation for pandoc >= 2.11.1
    \usepackage[inline]{enumitem} % IRkernel/repr support (it uses the enumerate* environment)
    \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % ulem is needed to support strikethroughs (\sout)
                                % normalem makes italics be italics, not underlines
    \usepackage{soul}      % strikethrough (\st) support for pandoc >= 3.0.0
    \usepackage{mathrsfs}
    

    
    % Colors for the hyperref package
    \definecolor{urlcolor}{rgb}{0,.145,.698}
    \definecolor{linkcolor}{rgb}{.71,0.21,0.01}
    \definecolor{citecolor}{rgb}{.12,.54,.11}

    % ANSI colors
    \definecolor{ansi-black}{HTML}{3E424D}
    \definecolor{ansi-black-intense}{HTML}{282C36}
    \definecolor{ansi-red}{HTML}{E75C58}
    \definecolor{ansi-red-intense}{HTML}{B22B31}
    \definecolor{ansi-green}{HTML}{00A250}
    \definecolor{ansi-green-intense}{HTML}{007427}
    \definecolor{ansi-yellow}{HTML}{DDB62B}
    \definecolor{ansi-yellow-intense}{HTML}{B27D12}
    \definecolor{ansi-blue}{HTML}{208FFB}
    \definecolor{ansi-blue-intense}{HTML}{0065CA}
    \definecolor{ansi-magenta}{HTML}{D160C4}
    \definecolor{ansi-magenta-intense}{HTML}{A03196}
    \definecolor{ansi-cyan}{HTML}{60C6C8}
    \definecolor{ansi-cyan-intense}{HTML}{258F8F}
    \definecolor{ansi-white}{HTML}{C5C1B4}
    \definecolor{ansi-white-intense}{HTML}{A1A6B2}
    \definecolor{ansi-default-inverse-fg}{HTML}{FFFFFF}
    \definecolor{ansi-default-inverse-bg}{HTML}{000000}

    % common color for the border for error outputs.
    \definecolor{outerrorbackground}{HTML}{FFDFDF}

    % commands and environments needed by pandoc snippets
    % extracted from the output of `pandoc -s`
    \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
      \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
    \DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
    % Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
    \newenvironment{Shaded}{}{}
    \newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.13,0.00}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textit{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.02,0.16,0.49}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{{#1}}

    % Additional commands for more recent versions of Pandoc
    \newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.00,0.00}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.40,0.53}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{\textit{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    \newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    \newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
    \newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{{#1}}
    \newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.74,0.48,0.00}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.49,0.56,0.16}{{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    \newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
    \makeatletter
    \newsavebox\pandoc@box
    \newcommand*\pandocbounded[1]{%
      \sbox\pandoc@box{#1}%
      % scaling factors for width and height
      \Gscale@div\@tempa\textheight{\dimexpr\ht\pandoc@box+\dp\pandoc@box\relax}%
      \Gscale@div\@tempb\linewidth{\wd\pandoc@box}%
      % select the smaller of both
      \ifdim\@tempb\p@<\@tempa\p@
        \let\@tempa\@tempb
      \fi
      % scaling accordingly (\@tempa < 1)
      \ifdim\@tempa\p@<\p@
        \scalebox{\@tempa}{\usebox\pandoc@box}%
      % scaling not needed, use as it is
      \else
        \usebox{\pandoc@box}%
      \fi
    }
    \makeatother

    % Define a nice break command that doesn't care if a line doesn't already
    % exist.
    \def\br{\hspace*{\fill} \\* }
    % Math Jax compatibility definitions
    \def\gt{>}
    \def\lt{<}
    \let\Oldtex\TeX
    \let\Oldlatex\LaTeX
    \renewcommand{\TeX}{\textrm{\Oldtex}}
    \renewcommand{\LaTeX}{\textrm{\Oldlatex}}
    % Document parameters
    % Document title
    \title{basics\_of\_python}
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
% Pygments definitions
\makeatletter
\def\PY@reset{\let\PY@it=\relax \let\PY@bf=\relax%
    \let\PY@ul=\relax \let\PY@tc=\relax%
    \let\PY@bc=\relax \let\PY@ff=\relax}
\def\PY@tok#1{\csname PY@tok@#1\endcsname}
\def\PY@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%
    \PY@tok{#1}\expandafter\PY@toks\fi}
\def\PY@do#1{\PY@bc{\PY@tc{\PY@ul{%
    \PY@it{\PY@bf{\PY@ff{#1}}}}}}}
\def\PY#1#2{\PY@reset\PY@toks#1+\relax+\PY@do{#2}}

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\def\PYZbs{\char`\\}
\def\PYZus{\char`\_}
\def\PYZob{\char`\{}
\def\PYZcb{\char`\}}
\def\PYZca{\char`\^}
\def\PYZam{\char`\&}
\def\PYZlt{\char`\<}
\def\PYZgt{\char`\>}
\def\PYZsh{\char`\#}
\def\PYZpc{\char`\%}
\def\PYZdl{\char`\$}
\def\PYZhy{\char`\-}
\def\PYZsq{\char`\'}
\def\PYZdq{\char`\"}
\def\PYZti{\char`\~}
% for compatibility with earlier versions
\def\PYZat{@}
\def\PYZlb{[}
\def\PYZrb{]}
\makeatother


    % For linebreaks inside Verbatim environment from package fancyvrb.
    \makeatletter
        \newbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox
        \newbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox
        \newcommand*\Wrappedvisiblespace {\textcolor{red}{\textvisiblespace}}
        \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol {\textcolor{red}{\llap{\tiny$\m@th\hookrightarrow$}}}
        \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationindent {3ex }
        \newcommand*\Wrappedafterbreak {\kern\Wrappedcontinuationindent\copy\Wrappedcontinuationbox}
        % Take advantage of the already applied Pygments mark-up to insert
        % potential linebreaks for TeX processing.
        %        {, <, #, %, $, ' and ": go to next line.
        %        _, }, ^, &, >, - and ~: stay at end of broken line.
        % Use of \textquotesingle for straight quote.
        \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatspecials {%
            \def\PYGZus{\discretionary{\char`\_}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\_}}%
            \def\PYGZob{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\{}{\char`\{}}%
            \def\PYGZcb{\discretionary{\char`\}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\}}}%
            \def\PYGZca{\discretionary{\char`\^}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\^}}%
            \def\PYGZam{\discretionary{\char`\&}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\&}}%
            \def\PYGZlt{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\<}{\char`\<}}%
            \def\PYGZgt{\discretionary{\char`\>}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\>}}%
            \def\PYGZsh{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\#}{\char`\#}}%
            \def\PYGZpc{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\%}{\char`\%}}%
            \def\PYGZdl{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\$}{\char`\$}}%
            \def\PYGZhy{\discretionary{\char`\-}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\-}}%
            \def\PYGZsq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\textquotesingle}{\textquotesingle}}%
            \def\PYGZdq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\"}{\char`\"}}%
            \def\PYGZti{\discretionary{\char`\~}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\~}}%
        }
        % Some characters . , ; ? ! / are not pygmentized.
        % This macro makes them "active" and they will insert potential linebreaks
        \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatpunct {%
            \lccode`\~`\.\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\.}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\.}}}%
            \lccode`\~`\,\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\,}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\,}}}%
            \lccode`\~`\;\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\;}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\;}}}%
            \lccode`\~`\:\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\:}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\:}}}%
            \lccode`\~`\?\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\?}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\?}}}%
            \lccode`\~`\!\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\!}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\!}}}%
            \lccode`\~`\/\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\/}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\/}}}%
            \catcode`\.\active
            \catcode`\,\active
            \catcode`\;\active
            \catcode`\:\active
            \catcode`\?\active
            \catcode`\!\active
            \catcode`\/\active
            \lccode`\~`\~
        }
    \makeatother

    \let\OriginalVerbatim=\Verbatim
    \makeatletter
    \renewcommand{\Verbatim}[1][1]{%
        %\parskip\z@skip
        \sbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox {\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol}%
        \sbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox {\FV@SetupFont\Wrappedvisiblespace}%
        \def\FancyVerbFormatLine ##1{\hsize\linewidth
            \vtop{\raggedright\hyphenpenalty\z@\exhyphenpenalty\z@
                \doublehyphendemerits\z@\finalhyphendemerits\z@
                \strut ##1\strut}%
        }%
        % If the linebreak is at a space, the latter will be displayed as visible
        % space at end of first line, and a continuation symbol starts next line.
        % Stretch/shrink are however usually zero for typewriter font.
        \def\FV@Space {%
            \nobreak\hskip\z@ plus\fontdimen3\font minus\fontdimen4\font
            \discretionary{\copy\Wrappedvisiblespacebox}{\Wrappedafterbreak}
            {\kern\fontdimen2\font}%
        }%

        % Allow breaks at special characters using \PYG... macros.
        \Wrappedbreaksatspecials
        % Breaks at punctuation characters . , ; ? ! and / need catcode=\active
        \OriginalVerbatim[#1,codes*=\Wrappedbreaksatpunct]%
    }
    \makeatother

    % Exact colors from NB
    \definecolor{incolor}{HTML}{303F9F}
    \definecolor{outcolor}{HTML}{D84315}
    \definecolor{cellborder}{HTML}{CFCFCF}
    \definecolor{cellbackground}{HTML}{F7F7F7}

    % prompt
    \makeatletter
    \newcommand{\boxspacing}{\kern\kvtcb@left@rule\kern\kvtcb@boxsep}
    \makeatother
    \newcommand{\prompt}[4]{
        {\ttfamily\llap{{\color{#2}[#3]:\hspace{3pt}#4}}\vspace{-\baselineskip}}
    }
    

    
    % Prevent overflowing lines due to hard-to-break entities
    \sloppy
    % Setup hyperref package
    \hypersetup{
      breaklinks=true,  % so long urls are correctly broken across lines
      colorlinks=true,
      urlcolor=urlcolor,
      linkcolor=linkcolor,
      citecolor=citecolor,
      }
    % Slightly bigger margins than the latex defaults
    
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\begin{document}
    
    \maketitle
    
    

    
    \hypertarget{basics-of-python}{
\section{Basics of Python}\label{basics-of-python}}

This page contains important fundamental concepts used in Python such as
syntax, operators, order or precedence and more.

    \hypertarget{syntax}{%
\subsection{Syntax}\label{syntax}}

\hypertarget{indentations-and-blocks}{%
\subsubsection{Indentations and blocks}\label{indentations-and-blocks}}

In python \emph{indentations} or the space at the start of each line,
signifies a block of code. This becomes important when we start working
with function and loops. We will talk more about this in the controls
structures tutorial.

\hypertarget{comments}{%
\subsubsection{Comments}\label{comments}}

Comments can be added to your code using the hash operator (\#). Any
text behind the comment operator till the end of the line will be
rendered as a comment. If you have an entire block of text or code that
needs to be commented out, the triple quotation marks (""") can be used.
Once used all the code after it will be considered a comment until the
comment is ended with the triple quotation marks.

    \hypertarget{operators}{%
\subsection{Operators}\label{operators}}

In python, operators are special symbols or keywords that perform
operations on values or variables. This section covers some of the most
common operator that you will see in this course.

\hypertarget{arithmetic-operators}{%
\subsubsection{Arithmetic operators}\label{arithmetic-operators}}

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
\toprule
Operator & Name \\
\midrule
\endhead
+ & Addition \\
- & Subtraction \\
* & Multiplication \\
/ & Division \\
\% & Modulus \\
** & Exponentiation \\
// & Floor division \\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\hypertarget{comparison-operators}{%
\subsubsection{Comparison operators}\label{comparison-operators}}

Used in conditional statements such as \texttt{if} statements or
\texttt{while} loops. Note that in the computer world a double equal
sign (\texttt{==}) means \emph{is equal to}, where as the single equal
sign assigns the variable or defines the variable to be something.

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
\toprule
Operator & Name \\
\midrule
\endhead
== & Equal \\
!= & Not equal \\
\textgreater{} & Greater than \\
\textless{} & Less than \\
\textgreater= & Greater than or equal to \\
\textless= & Less than or equal to \\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\hypertarget{logical-operators}{%
\subsubsection{Logical operators}\label{logical-operators}}

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
\toprule
Operator & Descrription \\
\midrule
\endhead
\texttt{and} & Returns True if both statemetns are true \\
\texttt{or} & Returns True if one of the statements is true \\
\texttt{not} & Reerse the result, returns False if the result is true \\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\hypertarget{identity-operators}{%
\subsubsection{Identity operators}\label{identity-operators}}

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
\toprule
Operator & Description \\
\midrule
\endhead
is & Returns True if both variables are the same object \\
is not & Returns True if both variables are not the same object \\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

    \hypertarget{order-of-operation}{%
\subsection{Order of Operation}\label{order-of-operation}}

Similarly to the order or precedence in mathematics, different computer
languages have their own set of rules. Here is a comprehensive table of
the order of operation that python follows.

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.51}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.49}}@{}}
\toprule
Operator & Description \\
\midrule
\endhead
\texttt{()} & Parentheses \\
\texttt{**} & Exponentiation \\
\texttt{+x} \texttt{-x} \texttt{\textasciitilde{}x} & Unary plus, unary
minus, and bitwise NOT \\
\texttt{*} \texttt{/} \texttt{//} \texttt{\%} & Multiplication,
Division, floor division, and modulus \\
\texttt{+} \texttt{-} & Addition and subtraction \\
\texttt{\textless{}\textless{}} \texttt{\textgreater{}\textgreater{}} &
Bitwise left and right shifts \\
\& & Bitwise AND \\
\^{} & Bitwise XOR \\
\textbar{} & Bitwise OR \\
\texttt{==} \texttt{!=} \texttt{\textgreater{}} \texttt{\textgreater{}=}
\texttt{\textless{}} \texttt{\textless{}=} \texttt{is} \texttt{is\ not}
\texttt{in} \texttt{not\ in} & Comparision, identity and membership
operators \\
\texttt{not} & logical NOT \\
\texttt{and} & AND \\
\texttt{or} & OR \\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

    \hypertarget{data-types}{%
\subsection{Data types}\label{data-types}}

Data types are different ways a computer stores data. Other data types
use fewer bits than others allowing you to better utilize your computer
memory. This is important for engineers because The most common data
types that an engineer encounters in python are numeric types. -
\texttt{int} - integer - \texttt{float} - a decimal number -
\texttt{complex} - imaginary number

The comprehensive table below show all built-in data types available in
python.

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
\toprule
Category & Data Type \\
\midrule
\endhead
Text & int, float, complex \\
Sequance & list, tuple, range \\
Mapping & dict \\
Set & set, frozenset \\
Boolean & bytes, bytearray, memoryview \\
Binary & bytes, bytearray, memoryview \\
None & NoneType \\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

    \hypertarget{variables}{%
\subsection{Variables}\label{variables}}

A \textbf{variable} in Python is a name that stores a value, allowing
you to use and manipulate data efficiently.

\hypertarget{declaring-and-assigning-variables}{%
\paragraph{Declaring and Assigning
Variables}\label{declaring-and-assigning-variables}}

It is common in low-level computer languages to declare the datatype if
the variable. In python, the datatype is set whilst you assign it. We
assign values to variables using a single \texttt{=}.

```python

    \begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{1}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{n}{x} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+m+mi}{33}          \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Integer}
\PY{n}{y} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+m+mf}{3.14}        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Float}
\PY{n}{name} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Joe}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}    \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} String}
\PY{n}{is\PYZus{}valid} \PY{o}{=} \PY{k+kc}{True} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Boolean}

\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{x}\PY{o}{*}\PY{o}{*}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{o}{+}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{o}{*}\PY{n}{y}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
1098.42
    \end{Verbatim}

    Change the x and y values above, re-run the cell to see what happens.

You can assign multiple variables at once:

\begin{Shaded}
\begin{Highlighting}[]
\NormalTok{a, b, c }\OperatorTok{=} \DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{, }\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{, }\DecValTok{3}
\end{Highlighting}
\end{Shaded}

Similarly we can assign the same value to multiple variables:

\begin{Shaded}
\begin{Highlighting}[]
\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{=}\NormalTok{ y }\OperatorTok{=}\NormalTok{ z }\OperatorTok{=} \DecValTok{100}
\end{Highlighting}
\end{Shaded}

    \hypertarget{rules}{%
\subparagraph{Rules}\label{rules}}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Must start with a letter or \texttt{\_}
\item
  Cannot start with a number
\item
  Can only contain letters, numbers, and \texttt{\_}
\item
  Case-sensitive (\texttt{Name} and \texttt{name} are different)
\end{itemize}

\hypertarget{updating-variables}{%
\paragraph{Updating Variables}\label{updating-variables}}

You can change a variable's value at any time.

\begin{Shaded}
\begin{Highlighting}[]
\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{=} \DecValTok{5}
\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{=}\NormalTok{ x }\OperatorTok{+} \DecValTok{10}  \CommentTok{\# Now x is 15}
\end{Highlighting}
\end{Shaded}

Or shorthand:

\begin{Shaded}
\begin{Highlighting}[]
\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{+=} \DecValTok{10}  \CommentTok{\# Same as x = x + 10}
\end{Highlighting}
\end{Shaded}

\hypertarget{variable-types-type-checking}{%
\paragraph{Variable Types \& Type
Checking}\label{variable-types-type-checking}}

Use \texttt{type()} to check a variable's type.

    \begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{2}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{n}{x} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+m+mi}{10}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+sa}{f}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{ Variable x is type: }\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}}\PY{n+nb}{type}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{x}\PY{p}{)}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}

\PY{n}{y} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Hello}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+sa}{f}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{ Variable y is type: }\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}}\PY{n+nb}{type}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{y}\PY{p}{)}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}

    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
 Variable x is type: <class 'int'>
 Variable y is type: <class 'str'>
    \end{Verbatim}

    \hypertarget{exercise}{%
\section{Exercise}\label{exercise}}

    \begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{ }{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]

\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}


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\end{document}
