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    "# Modular Programming\n",
    "\n",
    "## 1. Introduction\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. What is Object-Oriented Programming?\n",
    "-   B. Why use OOP? (vs. procedural)\n",
    "-   C. Real-world analogies (e.g., modeling components like pumps,\n",
    "    motors, or vehicles)\n",
    "\n",
    "| \\## 2. Core OOP Concepts - A. **Classes and Objects** - Definitions - Syntax in Python - B. **Attributes and Methods** - Instance variables - Functions inside classes - C. **Encapsulation** - Public vs private variables - Using `__init__` and `self` - D. **Inheritance** - Parent and child classes - Reuse and extension of code - E. **Polymorphism** *(brief overview)* - Method overriding - Flexibility in interfaces |\n",
    "|----:|\n",
    "|                                                                                                                                                                                \\## 3. Python OOP Syntax and Examples - A. Define a simple class (e.g., `Spring`) - B. Instantiate objects and use methods - C. Show `__init__`, `__str__`, custom methods - D. Add a derived class (e.g., `DampedSpring` inherits from `Spring`) |\n",
    "\n",
    "## 4. Engineering Applications of OOP\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. Modeling a mechanical system using classes\n",
    "    -   Example: Mass-Spring-Damper system\n",
    "-   B. Creating reusable components (e.g., `Material`, `Beam`, `Force`)\n",
    "-   C. Organizing simulation code with OOP\n",
    "\n",
    "------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "\n",
    "## 5. Hands-On Coding Activity\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. Write a class for a basic physical component (e.g., `Motor`)\n",
    "-   B. Add behavior (e.g., `calculate_torque`)\n",
    "-   C. Extend with inheritance (e.g., `ServoMotor`)\n",
    "-   D. Bonus: Integrate two objects to simulate interaction"
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