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    "# Modular Programming\n",
    "\n",
    "## 1. Introduction\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. What is Object-Oriented Programming?\n",
    "-   B. Why use OOP? (vs. procedural)\n",
    "-   C. Real-world analogies (e.g., modeling components like pumps,\n",
    "    motors, or vehicles)\n",
    "\n",
    "## 2. Core OOP Concepts\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. **Classes and Objects**\n",
    "    -   Definitions\n",
    "    -   Syntax in Python\n",
    "-   B. **Attributes and Methods**\n",
    "    -   Instance variables\n",
    "    -   Functions inside classes\n",
    "-   C. **Encapsulation**\n",
    "    -   Public vs private variables\n",
    "    -   Using `__init__` and `self`\n",
    "-   D. **Inheritance**\n",
    "    -   Parent and child classes\n",
    "    -   Reuse and extension of code\n",
    "-   E. **Polymorphism** *(brief overview)*\n",
    "    -   Method overriding\n",
    "    -   Flexibility in interfaces\n",
    "\n",
    "## 3. Python OOP Syntax and Examples\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. Define a simple class (e.g., `Spring`)\n",
    "-   B. Instantiate objects and use methods\n",
    "-   C. Show `__init__`, `__str__`, custom methods\n",
    "-   D. Add a derived class (e.g., `DampedSpring` inherits from `Spring`)\n",
    "\n",
    "## 4. Engineering Applications of OOP\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. Modeling a mechanical system using classes\n",
    "    -   Example: Mass-Spring-Damper system\n",
    "-   B. Creating reusable components (e.g., `Material`, `Beam`, `Force`)\n",
    "-   C. Organizing simulation code with OOP\n",
    "\n",
    "## 5. Hands-On Coding Activity\n",
    "\n",
    "-   A. Write a class for a basic physical component (e.g., `Motor`)\n",
    "-   B. Add behavior (e.g., `calculate_torque`)\n",
    "-   C. Extend with inheritance (e.g., `ServoMotor`)\n",
    "-   D. Bonus: Integrate two objects to simulate interaction"
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