Added latex files

1 files changed, 703 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tutorials/module_1/latex/basics_of_python.tex b/tutorials/module_1/latex/basics_of_python.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89dd745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/module_1/latex/basics_of_python.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+\documentclass[11pt]{article}
+
+    \usepackage[breakable]{tcolorbox}
+    \usepackage{parskip} % Stop auto-indenting (to mimic markdown behaviour)
+    \author{Christian Kolset}
+
+    % Basic figure setup, for now with no caption control since it's done
+    % automatically by Pandoc (which extracts ![](path) syntax from Markdown).
+    \usepackage{graphicx}
+    % Keep aspect ratio if custom image width or height is specified
+    \setkeys{Gin}{keepaspectratio}
+    % Maintain compatibility with old templates. Remove in nbconvert 6.0
+    \let\Oldincludegraphics\includegraphics
+    % Ensure that by default, figures have no caption (until we provide a
+    % proper Figure object with a Caption API and a way to capture that
+    % in the conversion process - todo).
+    \usepackage{caption}
+    \DeclareCaptionFormat{nocaption}{}
+    \captionsetup{format=nocaption,aboveskip=0pt,belowskip=0pt}
+
+    \usepackage{float}
+    \floatplacement{figure}{H} % forces figures to be placed at the correct location
+    \usepackage{xcolor} % Allow colors to be defined
+    \usepackage{enumerate} % Needed for markdown enumerations to work
+    \usepackage{geometry} % Used to adjust the document margins
+    \usepackage{amsmath} % Equations
+    \usepackage{amssymb} % Equations
+    \usepackage{textcomp} % defines textquotesingle
+
+    % Hack from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/47451/13684:
+    \AtBeginDocument{%
+        \def\PYZsq{\textquotesingle}% Upright quotes in Pygmentized code
+    }
+    \usepackage{upquote} % Upright quotes for verbatim code
+    \usepackage{eurosym} % defines \euro
+
+    \usepackage{iftex}
+    \ifPDFTeX
+        \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+        \IfFileExists{alphabeta.sty}{
+              \usepackage{alphabeta}
+          }{
+              \usepackage[mathletters]{ucs}
+              \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+          }
+    \else
+        \usepackage{fontspec}
+        \usepackage{unicode-math}
+    \fi
+
+    \usepackage{fancyvrb} % verbatim replacement that allows latex
+    \usepackage{grffile} % extends the file name processing of package graphics
+                         % to support a larger range
+    \makeatletter % fix for old versions of grffile with XeLaTeX
+    \@ifpackagelater{grffile}{2019/11/01}
+    {
+      % Do nothing on new versions
+    }
+    {
+      \def\Gread@@xetex#1{%
+        \IfFileExists{"\Gin@base".bb}%
+        {\Gread@eps{\Gin@base.bb}}%
+        {\Gread@@xetex@aux#1}%
+      }
+    }
+    \makeatother
+    \usepackage[Export]{adjustbox} % Used to constrain images to a maximum size
+    \adjustboxset{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}
+
+    % The hyperref package gives us a pdf with properly built
+    % internal navigation ('pdf bookmarks' for the table of contents,
+    % internal cross-reference links, web links for URLs, etc.)
+    \usepackage{hyperref}
+    % The default LaTeX title has an obnoxious amount of whitespace. By default,
+    % titling removes some of it. It also provides customization options.
+    \usepackage{titling}
+    \usepackage{longtable} % longtable support required by pandoc >1.10
+    \usepackage{booktabs}  % table support for pandoc > 1.12.2
+    \usepackage{array}     % table support for pandoc >= 2.11.3
+    \usepackage{calc}      % table minipage width calculation for pandoc >= 2.11.1
+    \usepackage[inline]{enumitem} % IRkernel/repr support (it uses the enumerate* environment)
+    \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % ulem is needed to support strikethroughs (\sout)
+                                % normalem makes italics be italics, not underlines
+    \usepackage{soul}      % strikethrough (\st) support for pandoc >= 3.0.0
+    \usepackage{mathrsfs}
+    
+
+    
+    % Colors for the hyperref package
+    \definecolor{urlcolor}{rgb}{0,.145,.698}
+    \definecolor{linkcolor}{rgb}{.71,0.21,0.01}
+    \definecolor{citecolor}{rgb}{.12,.54,.11}
+
+    % ANSI colors
+    \definecolor{ansi-black}{HTML}{3E424D}
+    \definecolor{ansi-black-intense}{HTML}{282C36}
+    \definecolor{ansi-red}{HTML}{E75C58}
+    \definecolor{ansi-red-intense}{HTML}{B22B31}
+    \definecolor{ansi-green}{HTML}{00A250}
+    \definecolor{ansi-green-intense}{HTML}{007427}
+    \definecolor{ansi-yellow}{HTML}{DDB62B}
+    \definecolor{ansi-yellow-intense}{HTML}{B27D12}
+    \definecolor{ansi-blue}{HTML}{208FFB}
+    \definecolor{ansi-blue-intense}{HTML}{0065CA}
+    \definecolor{ansi-magenta}{HTML}{D160C4}
+    \definecolor{ansi-magenta-intense}{HTML}{A03196}
+    \definecolor{ansi-cyan}{HTML}{60C6C8}
+    \definecolor{ansi-cyan-intense}{HTML}{258F8F}
+    \definecolor{ansi-white}{HTML}{C5C1B4}
+    \definecolor{ansi-white-intense}{HTML}{A1A6B2}
+    \definecolor{ansi-default-inverse-fg}{HTML}{FFFFFF}
+    \definecolor{ansi-default-inverse-bg}{HTML}{000000}
+
+    % common color for the border for error outputs.
+    \definecolor{outerrorbackground}{HTML}{FFDFDF}
+
+    % commands and environments needed by pandoc snippets
+    % extracted from the output of `pandoc -s`
+    \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
+      \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
+    \DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
+    % Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
+    \newenvironment{Shaded}{}{}
+    \newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
+    \newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.13,0.00}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textit{{#1}}}}
+    \newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
+    \newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.02,0.16,0.49}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{{#1}}
+    \newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
+    \newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{{#1}}
+
+    % Additional commands for more recent versions of Pandoc
+    \newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.00,0.00}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.40,0.53}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{{#1}}
+    \newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{\textit{{#1}}}}
+    \newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
+    \newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
+    \newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
+    \newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{{#1}}
+    \newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{{#1}}
+    \newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.74,0.48,0.00}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.49,0.56,0.16}{{#1}}}
+    \newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
+    \newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
+    \makeatletter
+    \newsavebox\pandoc@box
+    \newcommand*\pandocbounded[1]{%
+      \sbox\pandoc@box{#1}%
+      % scaling factors for width and height
+      \Gscale@div\@tempa\textheight{\dimexpr\ht\pandoc@box+\dp\pandoc@box\relax}%
+      \Gscale@div\@tempb\linewidth{\wd\pandoc@box}%
+      % select the smaller of both
+      \ifdim\@tempb\p@<\@tempa\p@
+        \let\@tempa\@tempb
+      \fi
+      % scaling accordingly (\@tempa < 1)
+      \ifdim\@tempa\p@<\p@
+        \scalebox{\@tempa}{\usebox\pandoc@box}%
+      % scaling not needed, use as it is
+      \else
+        \usebox{\pandoc@box}%
+      \fi
+    }
+    \makeatother
+
+    % Define a nice break command that doesn't care if a line doesn't already
+    % exist.
+    \def\br{\hspace*{\fill} \\* }
+    % Math Jax compatibility definitions
+    \def\gt{>}
+    \def\lt{<}
+    \let\Oldtex\TeX
+    \let\Oldlatex\LaTeX
+    \renewcommand{\TeX}{\textrm{\Oldtex}}
+    \renewcommand{\LaTeX}{\textrm{\Oldlatex}}
+    % Document parameters
+    % Document title
+    \title{basics\_of\_python}
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+% Pygments definitions
+\makeatletter
+\def\PY@reset{\let\PY@it=\relax \let\PY@bf=\relax%
+    \let\PY@ul=\relax \let\PY@tc=\relax%
+    \let\PY@bc=\relax \let\PY@ff=\relax}
+\def\PY@tok#1{\csname PY@tok@#1\endcsname}
+\def\PY@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%
+    \PY@tok{#1}\expandafter\PY@toks\fi}
+\def\PY@do#1{\PY@bc{\PY@tc{\PY@ul{%
+    \PY@it{\PY@bf{\PY@ff{#1}}}}}}}
+\def\PY#1#2{\PY@reset\PY@toks#1+\relax+\PY@do{#2}}
+
+\@namedef{PY@tok@w}{\def\PY@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.73,0.73}{##1}}}
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+\def\PYZca{\char`\^}
+\def\PYZam{\char`\&}
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+\def\PYZti{\char`\~}
+% for compatibility with earlier versions
+\def\PYZat{@}
+\def\PYZlb{[}
+\def\PYZrb{]}
+\makeatother
+
+
+    % For linebreaks inside Verbatim environment from package fancyvrb.
+    \makeatletter
+        \newbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox
+        \newbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox
+        \newcommand*\Wrappedvisiblespace {\textcolor{red}{\textvisiblespace}}
+        \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol {\textcolor{red}{\llap{\tiny$\m@th\hookrightarrow$}}}
+        \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationindent {3ex }
+        \newcommand*\Wrappedafterbreak {\kern\Wrappedcontinuationindent\copy\Wrappedcontinuationbox}
+        % Take advantage of the already applied Pygments mark-up to insert
+        % potential linebreaks for TeX processing.
+        %        {, <, #, %, $, ' and ": go to next line.
+        %        _, }, ^, &, >, - and ~: stay at end of broken line.
+        % Use of \textquotesingle for straight quote.
+        \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatspecials {%
+            \def\PYGZus{\discretionary{\char`\_}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\_}}%
+            \def\PYGZob{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\{}{\char`\{}}%
+            \def\PYGZcb{\discretionary{\char`\}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\}}}%
+            \def\PYGZca{\discretionary{\char`\^}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\^}}%
+            \def\PYGZam{\discretionary{\char`\&}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\&}}%
+            \def\PYGZlt{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\<}{\char`\<}}%
+            \def\PYGZgt{\discretionary{\char`\>}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\>}}%
+            \def\PYGZsh{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\#}{\char`\#}}%
+            \def\PYGZpc{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\%}{\char`\%}}%
+            \def\PYGZdl{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\$}{\char`\$}}%
+            \def\PYGZhy{\discretionary{\char`\-}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\-}}%
+            \def\PYGZsq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\textquotesingle}{\textquotesingle}}%
+            \def\PYGZdq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\"}{\char`\"}}%
+            \def\PYGZti{\discretionary{\char`\~}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\~}}%
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+        % Some characters . , ; ? ! / are not pygmentized.
+        % This macro makes them "active" and they will insert potential linebreaks
+        \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatpunct {%
+            \lccode`\~`\.\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\.}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\.}}}%
+            \lccode`\~`\,\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\,}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\,}}}%
+            \lccode`\~`\;\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\;}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\;}}}%
+            \lccode`\~`\:\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\:}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\:}}}%
+            \lccode`\~`\?\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\?}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\?}}}%
+            \lccode`\~`\!\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\!}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\!}}}%
+            \lccode`\~`\/\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\/}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\/}}}%
+            \catcode`\.\active
+            \catcode`\,\active
+            \catcode`\;\active
+            \catcode`\:\active
+            \catcode`\?\active
+            \catcode`\!\active
+            \catcode`\/\active
+            \lccode`\~`\~
+        }
+    \makeatother
+
+    \let\OriginalVerbatim=\Verbatim
+    \makeatletter
+    \renewcommand{\Verbatim}[1][1]{%
+        %\parskip\z@skip
+        \sbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox {\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol}%
+        \sbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox {\FV@SetupFont\Wrappedvisiblespace}%
+        \def\FancyVerbFormatLine ##1{\hsize\linewidth
+            \vtop{\raggedright\hyphenpenalty\z@\exhyphenpenalty\z@
+                \doublehyphendemerits\z@\finalhyphendemerits\z@
+                \strut ##1\strut}%
+        }%
+        % If the linebreak is at a space, the latter will be displayed as visible
+        % space at end of first line, and a continuation symbol starts next line.
+        % Stretch/shrink are however usually zero for typewriter font.
+        \def\FV@Space {%
+            \nobreak\hskip\z@ plus\fontdimen3\font minus\fontdimen4\font
+            \discretionary{\copy\Wrappedvisiblespacebox}{\Wrappedafterbreak}
+            {\kern\fontdimen2\font}%
+        }%
+
+        % Allow breaks at special characters using \PYG... macros.
+        \Wrappedbreaksatspecials
+        % Breaks at punctuation characters . , ; ? ! and / need catcode=\active
+        \OriginalVerbatim[#1,codes*=\Wrappedbreaksatpunct]%
+    }
+    \makeatother
+
+    % Exact colors from NB
+    \definecolor{incolor}{HTML}{303F9F}
+    \definecolor{outcolor}{HTML}{D84315}
+    \definecolor{cellborder}{HTML}{CFCFCF}
+    \definecolor{cellbackground}{HTML}{F7F7F7}
+
+    % prompt
+    \makeatletter
+    \newcommand{\boxspacing}{\kern\kvtcb@left@rule\kern\kvtcb@boxsep}
+    \makeatother
+    \newcommand{\prompt}[4]{
+        {\ttfamily\llap{{\color{#2}[#3]:\hspace{3pt}#4}}\vspace{-\baselineskip}}
+    }
+    
+
+    
+    % Prevent overflowing lines due to hard-to-break entities
+    \sloppy
+    % Setup hyperref package
+    \hypersetup{
+      breaklinks=true,  % so long urls are correctly broken across lines
+      colorlinks=true,
+      urlcolor=urlcolor,
+      linkcolor=linkcolor,
+      citecolor=citecolor,
+      }
+    % Slightly bigger margins than the latex defaults
+    
+    \geometry{verbose,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in}
+    
+    
+
+\begin{document}
+    
+    \maketitle
+    
+    
+
+    
+    \hypertarget{basics-of-python}{
+\section{Basics of Python}\label{basics-of-python}}
+
+This page contains important fundamental concepts used in Python such as
+syntax, operators, order or precedence and more.
+
+    \hypertarget{syntax}{%
+\subsection{Syntax}\label{syntax}}
+
+\hypertarget{indentations-and-blocks}{%
+\subsubsection{Indentations and blocks}\label{indentations-and-blocks}}
+
+In python \emph{indentations} or the space at the start of each line,
+signifies a block of code. This becomes important when we start working
+with function and loops. We will talk more about this in the controls
+structures tutorial.
+
+\hypertarget{comments}{%
+\subsubsection{Comments}\label{comments}}
+
+Comments can be added to your code using the hash operator (\#). Any
+text behind the comment operator till the end of the line will be
+rendered as a comment. If you have an entire block of text or code that
+needs to be commented out, the triple quotation marks (""") can be used.
+Once used all the code after it will be considered a comment until the
+comment is ended with the triple quotation marks.
+
+    \hypertarget{operators}{%
+\subsection{Operators}\label{operators}}
+
+In python, operators are special symbols or keywords that perform
+operations on values or variables. This section covers some of the most
+common operator that you will see in this course.
+
+\hypertarget{arithmetic-operators}{%
+\subsubsection{Arithmetic operators}\label{arithmetic-operators}}
+
+\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
+\toprule
+Operator & Name \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
++ & Addition \\
+- & Subtraction \\
+* & Multiplication \\
+/ & Division \\
+\% & Modulus \\
+** & Exponentiation \\
+// & Floor division \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+
+\hypertarget{comparison-operators}{%
+\subsubsection{Comparison operators}\label{comparison-operators}}
+
+Used in conditional statements such as \texttt{if} statements or
+\texttt{while} loops. Note that in the computer world a double equal
+sign (\texttt{==}) means \emph{is equal to}, where as the single equal
+sign assigns the variable or defines the variable to be something.
+
+\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
+\toprule
+Operator & Name \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+== & Equal \\
+!= & Not equal \\
+\textgreater{} & Greater than \\
+\textless{} & Less than \\
+\textgreater= & Greater than or equal to \\
+\textless= & Less than or equal to \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+
+\hypertarget{logical-operators}{%
+\subsubsection{Logical operators}\label{logical-operators}}
+
+\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
+\toprule
+Operator & Descrription \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+\texttt{and} & Returns True if both statemetns are true \\
+\texttt{or} & Returns True if one of the statements is true \\
+\texttt{not} & Reerse the result, returns False if the result is true \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+
+\hypertarget{identity-operators}{%
+\subsubsection{Identity operators}\label{identity-operators}}
+
+\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
+\toprule
+Operator & Description \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+is & Returns True if both variables are the same object \\
+is not & Returns True if both variables are not the same object \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+
+    \hypertarget{order-of-operation}{%
+\subsection{Order of Operation}\label{order-of-operation}}
+
+Similarly to the order or precedence in mathematics, different computer
+languages have their own set of rules. Here is a comprehensive table of
+the order of operation that python follows.
+
+\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
+  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.51}}
+  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.49}}@{}}
+\toprule
+Operator & Description \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+\texttt{()} & Parentheses \\
+\texttt{**} & Exponentiation \\
+\texttt{+x} \texttt{-x} \texttt{\textasciitilde{}x} & Unary plus, unary
+minus, and bitwise NOT \\
+\texttt{*} \texttt{/} \texttt{//} \texttt{\%} & Multiplication,
+Division, floor division, and modulus \\
+\texttt{+} \texttt{-} & Addition and subtraction \\
+\texttt{\textless{}\textless{}} \texttt{\textgreater{}\textgreater{}} &
+Bitwise left and right shifts \\
+\& & Bitwise AND \\
+\^{} & Bitwise XOR \\
+\textbar{} & Bitwise OR \\
+\texttt{==} \texttt{!=} \texttt{\textgreater{}} \texttt{\textgreater{}=}
+\texttt{\textless{}} \texttt{\textless{}=} \texttt{is} \texttt{is\ not}
+\texttt{in} \texttt{not\ in} & Comparision, identity and membership
+operators \\
+\texttt{not} & logical NOT \\
+\texttt{and} & AND \\
+\texttt{or} & OR \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+
+    \hypertarget{data-types}{%
+\subsection{Data types}\label{data-types}}
+
+Data types are different ways a computer stores data. Other data types
+use fewer bits than others allowing you to better utilize your computer
+memory. This is important for engineers because The most common data
+types that an engineer encounters in python are numeric types. -
+\texttt{int} - integer - \texttt{float} - a decimal number -
+\texttt{complex} - imaginary number
+
+The comprehensive table below show all built-in data types available in
+python.
+
+\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
+\toprule
+Category & Data Type \\
+\midrule
+\endhead
+Text & int, float, complex \\
+Sequance & list, tuple, range \\
+Mapping & dict \\
+Set & set, frozenset \\
+Boolean & bytes, bytearray, memoryview \\
+Binary & bytes, bytearray, memoryview \\
+None & NoneType \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+
+    \hypertarget{variables}{%
+\subsection{Variables}\label{variables}}
+
+A \textbf{variable} in Python is a name that stores a value, allowing
+you to use and manipulate data efficiently.
+
+\hypertarget{declaring-and-assigning-variables}{%
+\paragraph{Declaring and Assigning
+Variables}\label{declaring-and-assigning-variables}}
+
+It is common in low-level computer languages to declare the datatype if
+the variable. In python, the datatype is set whilst you assign it. We
+assign values to variables using a single \texttt{=}.
+
+```python
+
+    \begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
+\prompt{In}{incolor}{1}{\boxspacing}
+\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+\PY{n}{x} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+m+mi}{33}          \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Integer}
+\PY{n}{y} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+m+mf}{3.14}        \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Float}
+\PY{n}{name} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Joe}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}    \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} String}
+\PY{n}{is\PYZus{}valid} \PY{o}{=} \PY{k+kc}{True} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Boolean}
+
+\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{x}\PY{o}{*}\PY{o}{*}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{o}{+}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{o}{*}\PY{n}{y}\PY{p}{)}
+\end{Verbatim}
+\end{tcolorbox}
+
+    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+1098.42
+    \end{Verbatim}
+
+    Change the x and y values above, re-run the cell to see what happens.
+
+You can assign multiple variables at once:
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{a, b, c }\OperatorTok{=} \DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{, }\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{, }\DecValTok{3}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+Similarly we can assign the same value to multiple variables:
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{=}\NormalTok{ y }\OperatorTok{=}\NormalTok{ z }\OperatorTok{=} \DecValTok{100}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+    \hypertarget{rules}{%
+\subparagraph{Rules}\label{rules}}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\tightlist
+\item
+  Must start with a letter or \texttt{\_}
+\item
+  Cannot start with a number
+\item
+  Can only contain letters, numbers, and \texttt{\_}
+\item
+  Case-sensitive (\texttt{Name} and \texttt{name} are different)
+\end{itemize}
+
+\hypertarget{updating-variables}{%
+\paragraph{Updating Variables}\label{updating-variables}}
+
+You can change a variable's value at any time.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{=} \DecValTok{5}
+\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{=}\NormalTok{ x }\OperatorTok{+} \DecValTok{10}  \CommentTok{\# Now x is 15}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+Or shorthand:
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{+=} \DecValTok{10}  \CommentTok{\# Same as x = x + 10}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\hypertarget{variable-types-type-checking}{%
+\paragraph{Variable Types \& Type
+Checking}\label{variable-types-type-checking}}
+
+Use \texttt{type()} to check a variable's type.
+
+    \begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
+\prompt{In}{incolor}{2}{\boxspacing}
+\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+\PY{n}{x} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+m+mi}{10}
+\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+sa}{f}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{ Variable x is type: }\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}}\PY{n+nb}{type}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{x}\PY{p}{)}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
+
+\PY{n}{y} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Hello}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}
+\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+sa}{f}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{ Variable y is type: }\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}}\PY{n+nb}{type}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{y}\PY{p}{)}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
+\end{Verbatim}
+\end{tcolorbox}
+
+    \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+ Variable x is type: <class 'int'>
+ Variable y is type: <class 'str'>
+    \end{Verbatim}
+
+    \hypertarget{exercise}{%
+\section{Exercise}\label{exercise}}
+
+    \begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
+\prompt{In}{incolor}{ }{\boxspacing}
+\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+
+\end{Verbatim}
+\end{tcolorbox}
+
+
+    % Add a bibliography block to the postdoc
+    
+    
+    
+\end{document}