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diff --git a/tutorials/module_1/notebook_1/basics_of_python.ipynb b/tutorials/module_1/notebook_1/basics_of_python.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..023d3a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorials/module_1/notebook_1/basics_of_python.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Basics of Python\n", + "\n", + "This page contains important fundamental concepts used in Python such as\n", + "syntax, operators, order or precedence and more.\n", + "\n", + "## Syntax\n", + "\n", + "### Indentations and blocks\n", + "\n", + "In python *indentations* or the space at the start of each line,\n", + "signifies a block of code. This becomes important when we start working\n", + "with function and loops. We will talk more about this in the controls\n", + "structures tutorial.\n", + "\n", + "### Comments\n", + "\n", + "Comments can be added to your code using the hash operator (#). Any text\n", + "behind the comment operator till the end of the line will be rendered as\n", + "a comment. If you have an entire block of text or code that needs to be\n", + "commented out, the triple quotation marks (“““) can be used. Once used\n", + "all the code after it will be considered a comment until the comment is\n", + "ended with the triple quotation marks.f\n", + "\n", + "## Operators\n", + "\n", + "In python, operators are special symbols or keywords that perform\n", + "operations on values or variables. This section covers some of the most\n", + "common operator that you will see in this course.\n", + "\n", + "### Arithmetic operators\n", + "\n", + "| Operator | Name |\n", + "|----------|----------------|\n", + "| \\+ | Addition |\n", + "| \\- | Subtraction |\n", + "| \\* | Multiplication |\n", + "| / | Division |\n", + "| % | Modulus |\n", + "| \\*\\* | Exponentiation |\n", + "| // | Floor division |\n", + "\n", + "### Comparison operators\n", + "\n", + "Used in conditional statements such as `if` statements or `while` loops.\n", + "Note that in the computer world a double equal sign (`==`) means *is\n", + "equal to*, where as the single equal sign assigns the variable or\n", + "defines the variable to be something.\n", + "\n", + "| Operator | Name |\n", + "|----------|--------------------------|\n", + "| == | Equal |\n", + "| != | Not equal |\n", + "| \\> | Greater than |\n", + "| \\< | Less than |\n", + "| \\>= | Greater than or equal to |\n", + "| \\<= | Less than or equal to |\n", + "\n", + "### Logical operators\n", + "\n", + "| Operator | Descrription |\n", + "|----------|--------------------------------------------------------|\n", + "| and | Returns True if both statemetns are true |\n", + "| or | Returns True if one of the statements is true |\n", + "| not | Reerse the result, returns False if the result is true |\n", + "\n", + "### Identity operators\n", + "\n", + "| Operator | Description |\n", + "|----------|--------------------------------------------------------|\n", + "| is | Returns True if both variables are the same object |\n", + "| is not | Returns True if both variables are not the same object |\n", + "\n", + "## Order of Operation\n", + "\n", + "Similarly to the order or precedence in mathematics, different computer\n", + "languages have their own set of rules. Here is a comprehensive table of\n", + "the order of operation that python follows.\n", + "\n", + "| Operator | Description |\n", + "|-------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n", + "| `()` | Parentheses |\n", + "| `**` | Exponentiation |\n", + "| `+x` `-x` `~x` | Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT |\n", + "| `*` `/` `//` `%` | Multiplication, Division, floor division, and modulus |\n", + "| `+` `-` | Addition and subtraction |\n", + "| `<<` `>>` | Bitwise left and right shifts |\n", + "| & | Bitwise AND |\n", + "| ^ | Bitwise XOR |\n", + "| \\| | Bitwise OR |\n", + "| `==` `!=` `>` `>=` `<` `<=` `is` `is not` `in` `not in` | Comparision, identity and membership operators |\n", + "| `not` | logical NOT |\n", + "| `and` | AND |\n", + "| `or` | OR |\n", + "\n", + "## Data types\n", + "\n", + "Data types are different ways a computer stores data. Other data types\n", + "use fewer bits than others allowing you to better utilize your computer\n", + "memory. This is important for engineers because The most common data\n", + "types that an engineer encounters in python are numeric types. - `int` -\n", + "integer - `float` - a decimal number - `complex` - imaginary number\n", + "\n", + "The comprehensive table below show all built-in data types available in\n", + "python.\n", + "\n", + "| Category | Data Type |\n", + "|----------|------------------------------|\n", + "| Text | int, float, complex |\n", + "| Sequance | list, tuple, range |\n", + "| Mapping | dict |\n", + "| Set | set, frozenset |\n", + "| Boolean | bytes, bytearray, memoryview |\n", + "| Binary | bytes, bytearray, memoryview |\n", + "| None | NoneType |\n", + "\n", + "## Variables\n", + "\n", + "A **variable** in Python is a name that stores a value, allowing you to\n", + "use and manipulate data efficiently.\n", + "\n", + "#### Declaring and Assigning Variables\n", + "\n", + "It is common in low-level computer languages to declare the datatype if\n", + "the variable. In python, the datatype is set whilst you assign it. We\n", + "assign values to variables using a single `=`.\n", + "\n", + "``` python\n", + "x = 10 # Integer\n", + "y = 3.14 # Float\n", + "name = \"Joe\" # String\n", + "is_valid = True # Boolean\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "You can assign multiple variables at once:\n", + "\n", + "``` python\n", + "a, b, c = 1, 2, 3\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "Similarly we can assign the same value to multiple variables:\n", + "\n", + "``` python\n", + "x = y = z = 100\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "##### Rules\n", + "\n", + "- Must start with a letter or `_`\n", + "- Cannot start with a number\n", + "- Can only contain letters, numbers, and `_`\n", + "- Case-sensitive (`Name` and `name` are different)\n", + "\n", + "#### Updating Variables\n", + "\n", + "You can change a variable’s value at any time.\n", + "\n", + "``` python\n", + "x = 5\n", + "x = x + 10 # Now x is 15\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "Or shorthand:\n", + "\n", + "``` python\n", + "x += 10 # Same as x = x + 10\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "#### Variable Types & Type Checking\n", + "\n", + "Use `type()` to check a variable’s type.\n", + "\n", + "``` python\n", + "x = 10\n", + "print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'int'>\n", + "\n", + "y = \"Hello\"\n", + "print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'str'>\n", + "```" + ], + "id": "e14d8bfc-8b11-4e2b-aaf1-2b676706e16f" + } + ], + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5, + "metadata": {} +} |